진선여고 고1 2026 2학기 중간고사 영어 내신 분석

The patent system is one of the main instruments governments use to promote research and development. Patenting an idea gives its inventor a 20-year monopoly to exploit the fruit of his labor in the marketplace, in exchange for publishing a full account of how the new product, process, or material works. Most economists would argue that, without a patent system, even fewer inventions would lead to successful innovations. But what if patents actually discourage the combining and recombining of inventions to yield new products and processes — as has happened in biotechnology, genetics, and other disciplines? <중략> But if billion-dollar patents are at stake, universities — which end up owning much of the intellectual property that comes out of professors' discoveries — have a strong incentive to pressure their scholars to keep new findings and ideas under wraps. Hence, there is growing concern among academic scholars and policy makers that patent rights are themselves slowing innovation. ↓ (A) [ to / through / while / exclude / research / rights / design / foster ] in the marketplace, the structure of patents compels researchers to hide their discoveries. (B) [ of / the / the / [confidentiality / confidence] 중 택1 / scientific advancement / cooperative / enforce / spirit / undermines ], ultimately hindering the very innovation governments have hoped to promote using the patent system. (A) __________________________________________________________ 8단어 [3점] (B) __________________________________________________________ 10단어 [4점]