대원외고 고1 2025 1학기 기말고사 영어 내신 분석

When NASA initiated its manned space exploration programs, ⓐ an unforeseen challenge soon emerged: standard pens failed to function in zero gravity, ⓑas the lack of gravitational pull disrupt the ink flow. In response, NASA committed substantial funding and formed expert teams in mechanics, chemistry, and fluid dynamics to develop a solution. The result was the "space pen," a device capable of writing not only in zero gravity but even under water. In laboratories across the country ⓒdid engineers who were determined to solve the problem through advanced technology work. Meanwhile, the Soviets took a simpler route. ⓓThe pencil, an alternative both simple and cost-effective, were what the Soviets handed to their cosmonauts. ⓔDespite its low-tech nature, ⓕthe solution proved equally – if not more – practical than NASA’s invention. ⓖThey failed to question the premise which their entire approach was based, clinging to the idea that only a modified pen could function in zero gravity. ⓗNever it occurred to them to redefine the problem as one of simply writing in space, regardless of the instrument used.